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Pope Leo XIV is wrapping up his visit to Turkey before heading to Lebanon
Nicole Winfield,Abby SewellSunday 30 November 2025 09:47 GMT
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Pope Leo XIV concluded his visit to Turkey on Sunday, embarking for Lebanon with a mission to deliver a message of hope to its beleaguered populace and reinforce a vital Christian community in the Middle East.
Before his flight to Beirut, Pope Leo fulfilled two significant engagements in Istanbul: a prayer service at the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral and a divine liturgy alongside Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians.
This latter event, commemorating a key Christian anniversary, served as the primary catalyst for the pontiff's journey.
This leg of his inaugural papal trip sees Pope Leo arrive in Lebanon at a particularly fragile juncture for the small Mediterranean nation, following years of successive crises. His visit honours a commitment made by Pope Francis, who had long wished to travel to the country but was prevented by his declining health.
Pope Francis frequently cited St. John Paul II, who declared in 1989 that Lebanon was more than just a country; it was a "message" – a message of fraternity and coexistence.
Lebanon's unique power-sharing system mandates that its president is always a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of parliament a Shiite.
open image in galleryPope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, the spiritual leader of the world's Eastern Orthodox Christians leave after attending the Doxology at the Patriarchal Church of Saint George, in Istanbu (Associated Press)As a Muslim-majority nation where approximately a third of the population is Christian, Lebanon has consistently been a priority for the Vatican, viewed as a bulwark for Christians across the region.
However, decades of regional conflict have led to a significant decline in Christian communities, some of which date back to the time of the Apostles.
Pope Leo is anticipated to offer encouragement to Lebanese citizens who feel let down by their leaders, and to urge Lebanese Christians to remain in their homeland or, if they have emigrated, to consider returning.
“The Holy Father is coming at a very difficult moment for Lebanon and for our region,” said Bishop George, archbishop of the Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut. Lebanese are worried about the future, he said, and still fear a possible return to all-out war with Israel.
“In this difficult moment, the pope’s visit is a sign of hope. It shows that Lebanon is not forgotten,” he told reporters ahead of the visit.
A series of crises and no accountability
In 2019, the country’s currency and banking system collapsed and many Lebanese saw their savings evaporate. The financial crisis drove shortages of electricity, fuel and medicine.
Another disaster followed in 2020, when hundreds of tons of ammonium nitrate improperly stored at the Beirut port detonated an explosion that blasted through the surrounding neighborhoods, killing 218 people, wounding thousands more and causing billions of dollars in damages.
open image in galleryPope Leo XIV celebrates a Mass at the Volkswagen Arena, in Istanbul (Associated Press/Khalil Hamra)The highlight of Leo's Lebanese visit will come on his last day, Dec. 2, when he spends time in silent prayer at the site of the 4 August, 2020 blast and meets with some of its victims.
Lebanese citizens were enraged by the blast, which appeared to be the result of government negligence, coming on top of the economic crisis. But an investigation has repeatedly stalled, and five years on, no official has been convicted.
There are hopes among Lebanese that Leo will demand accountability from Lebanon’s political class, and insist that there can be no peace without truth and justice.
Another important moment will come when Leo meets with young Lebanese. He is expected to give them words of encouragement, amid the decades-long flight of Lebanese abroad, while also acknowledging their disillusionment over the failures of generations before them.
A papal visit amid ongoing conflict
After the 7 October, 2023 Hamas-led attack in southern Israel sparked the war in Gaza, the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah entered into a low-level conflict with Israel that escalated into a full-fledged war in September 2024, killing more than 4,000 people and causing widespread destruction.
Despite a US-brokered ceasefire that nominally ended the conflict two months later, Israel continues to launch near-daily airstrikes that it says aim to stop Hezbollah from rebuilding. Many Lebanese fear a return to all-out war.
open image in galleryPope Leo XIV visits the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul (Associated Press/Domenico Stinellis)Ahead of Leo’s arrival, Hezbollah urged the pope to express his “rejection to injustice and aggression” that the country is being subjected to. It was a reference to the Israeli strikes.
The group also urged its supporters to line up along the road the papal convoy will take from the airport to the presidential palace to pay their respects.
Hezbollah — a primarily Shiite group — is allied with several Christian political groups in the country including the Free Patriotic Movement and Marada Movement.
However, the Christian party with the largest parliamentary bloc, the Lebanese Forces, is an opponent of Hezbollah and has criticized the group for pulling the country into a war with Israel.
Syrian Christians also look to the papal visit for hope
In neighboring Syria, hundreds of thousands of Christians fled during the country's 14 years of civil war.
The country's former autocratic leader, Bashar Assad, was ousted in an offensive led by Islamist insurgents last December. Since then, there have been outbreaks of sectarian violence and some attacks on religious minorities, including a suicide attack on a church in Damascus in June.
While the new government has condemned attacks on minorities, many accuse it of looking the other way or being unable to control allied armed groups.
A delegation of some 300 Syrian Christians heading by a Greek Melkite Catholic priest was set to travel to Lebanon to see Leo during his visit.
“We are in need of someone like the pope to come and give us hope as Christians” at a time of "fear of an unknown future,” said 24-year-old Dima Awwad, one of the delegation members.
“We wish that the pope would come to visit Syria as he visited Lebanon, to reassure the people and to feel that we are present as eastern Christians and we need to be in this place.”
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